Fiber optic cables and Ethernet cables are both used for transmitting data, but they differ in terms of their construction, transmission medium, bandwidth capabilities, distance limitations, and susceptibility to interference.

Here are the key differences between Fiber optic cables and Ethernet cables: 

Construction: Fiber optic cables consist of thin strands of glass or plastic fibers surrounded by protective layers, whereas Ethernet cables are typically made of copper conductors encased in plastic insulation.

Transmission Medium: Fiber optic cables use light signals to transmit data, employing the principle of total internal reflection. In contrast, Ethernet cables use electrical signals to transmit data over copper wires.

Bandwidth: Fiber optic cables offer much higher bandwidth capabilities compared to Ethernet cables. They can transmit data at speeds of several terabits per second, while Ethernet cables commonly support speeds ranging from 10 Mbps to 100 Gbps.


Distance Limitations: Fiber optic cables can transmit data over longer distances without significant signal degradation. They can span tens or even hundreds of kilometers without the need for signal boosters. Ethernet cables, especially the traditional twisted pair cables, have distance limitations of around 100 meters.

Interference: Fiber optic cables are immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) since they use light signals. This makes them suitable for environments with high levels of electrical noise. Ethernet cables, particularly unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables, are more susceptible to EMI and RFI, which can result in signal degradation or loss.

Security: Fiber optic cables provide enhanced security for data transmission. They are difficult to tap into and are not prone to signal leakage, making them more secure against eavesdropping compared to Ethernet cables, which can be more susceptible to wiretapping.

Cost: Fiber optic cables are generally more expensive to install and maintain compared to Ethernet cables. The specialized equipment and expertise required for fiber optic installations contribute to higher costs. Ethernet cables, especially the commonly used Category 5e or Category 6 cables, are relatively affordable.

The choice between fiber optic cables and Ethernet cables depends on factors such as the required speed, distance, environmental conditions, and budget.